Japan is a country of exquisite contrasts — bullet trains and ancient temples, neon cities and misty mountains, robot cafés and tea ceremonies, all wrapped in a culture of astonishing courtesy, cleanliness and craft. Tokyo, the vast, humming capital, is the essential first hit: a collection of distinct villages under one endless skyline, where a thousand-year-old shrine sits behind a pop-culture arcade, the food is the best on earth at every price, and everything works with silent precision. Overwhelming, safe, and endlessly rewarding.
What things cost: Tokyo is far better value than its reputation — with the weak yen, a bowl of world-class ramen costs a few euros, the metro is cheap, and clean, tiny business hotels are affordable. Splurges (sushi omakase, kaiseki) climb fast, but you can eat superbly for very little. Much is card-friendly now, though carry some cash. When a zone below says 'low', that means genuinely reasonable for a world capital.